John e



(No Model.)

J. R. CUMMINGS.

TYPE AND LEAD. No. 359,960. Patented M122, 1887.

UNITED STATES PA sNT Critic's.

JOHN R. CUMMINGS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERICAN PRESSASSOCIATION, OF SAME PLACE.

TYPE AND LEAD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 359,960. dated March22, 1887.

Application filed June 23, 1586. Serial No. 206,011, (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: spective View of one of the leads. Fig. 3 isa Be it known that 1, JOHN R. CUMMINGs, a side view illustrating indetail a letter,a quad, citizen of the United States, residing at Chianda space, the latter two, however, owing to cago, in the county of Cookand State of Illithe nature of theillustration,being represented 5 nois,haveinvented certain new and useful Imby the same character. Fig. 4.shows a modi- 55 provements in Types and Leads; and I do herefied formof construction of the quads and by declare the following to be afull,clear, and spaces. Fig. 5 shows a modified form of conexact descriptionof the invention, such as will struction of the letters. Fig. 6 shows amodienable others skilled in the art to which it apfled form ofconstruction of the lead, it being 10 pertains to make and use the same.formed with a bead or rib on each side. 60

My invention relates to an improvement in Referring to the drawings, Arepresents the types and leads especially adapted for use in letters, 13the quads and spaces, and C the electrotyping, but useful wherever it isfound leads. desirable to prevent letters, quads, spaces, or In carryingout my invention, I make the 15 leads from working up in the form.quads, spaces, and leads of such height as to 65 In Patent No. 337,744,granted to me on the come flush with the shoulder of the letters, in 9thday of March, 1886, I illustrated and de order that the wax mold mayhave an even surseribed a font of types, the spaces and quads face;'butthis height may vary according to of which were provided with a rib orbeard the purpose for which the types areto be used.

on one side and a recess on the opposite side, The letters, quads, andspaces of the font 73 while the shanks of the letters were provided haveeach a recess, a, formed in one side, as with a like recess in bothsides, the object of shown in Figs. 1 and 3; but, if desired, the thatconstruction being to cause the quads and recess may be formed in bothsides of the quads spaces to interlock with the letters and be held andspaces, as shown in Fig. i; or, in addition 2 5 down flush with theshoulders of the letters to the quads and spaces so recessed, theletters 7 5 while the wax matrix was being made. Almay also be formedwith a recess on each side. though a font of types so constructedanswers as shown in Fig. 5. There is, however, an ad the purpose forwhich it was intended, it has, vantage in recessing the letters on butone nevertheless, 011 practical test, proved unsatside, for it a letteris set wrong side up it is 0 isfactory in the matters ofcomposition,imposialmost certain to be discovered and corrected 80 Ton,and distribution, being tedious to set and before another line is set,because the lead will distribute,and open to the obj ection that oftennot fit unless the recesses form a continuous :1. turned space or quadwould prevent the groove, which would not be the caseif oneletsuccessful locking up of the whole page. By ter were turned wrong. Onthe other hand, it

3 5 my present invention, however, Ihaveavoided is desirable to have thequads and spaces and S 5 all objections on the part of compositors, thesuch characters as are commonly used in intypes being so constructed asto be as easily verted positions (as commas,quotation-marks, composed asordinary types. hyphens, dashes, braces, brackets, 83c.) made Myinvention consists in the combination, with recesses in both sides, sothat they maybe with letters having a recess formed in one side turnedeither wayindifferently thecharacters 90 and quads and spaces having arecess formed in order that they may be inverted when so rein two sides,the letters, quads, and spaces bequired, and the quads and spacesbecause it is ing set in a line, of a lead having a bead or the customof compositors to set them either rib on one side, said bead or ribbeing so posiend up, in order to save the time necessary to tioned as totake into the recesses in said let= set them more carefully. 5 ters,quads, and spaces, and hold them in their The recesses in the letters,quads, and spaces proper positions. may be at any height below thetop'of the two In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is latter; but itis preferable that they be exactly aperspcctive view of sufticicntcomposed matmidway between the tops and bottoms of the t-er toillustrate my invention. Fig. 2is a perquads and spaces, as it is ahabit of composi- 10o tors to set these pieces either end up, whicheverhappens to be most convenient, and if the recess is exactly in themiddle such inverted quads and spaces will fit as well as if set withthe proper end up and leads with either edge up.

The leads are made,preferably, of thin sheet brass, although it isevident other material willanswer the purpose. Along the longitudinalcentral portion of the lead there is formed a head or rib, d, for takinginto the recesses in the letters, quads, and spaces. This bead or rib Ihave shown in Fig. 2 stamped up from the surface of the metal strip; butit may be formed in other ways-as, for instance, the lead may be cast orrolled with the bead or rib.

When all the letters, quads, and spaces of the font are recessed on bothsides, it may be desirable to use leads having a rib on each side, asshown in Fig. 6.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is-- The combination,with letters having a recess formed in one side and quads and spaceshaving a recess formed .iutwo sides, the let-:

ters, quads, and spaces being set in a line, of

a lead having a bead or rib on one side, said head or rib being sopositioned as to take into 1

